Os discursos veiculados sobre a mulher e o negro no livro didático público do Estado do Paraná "Língua portuguesa e Literatura: Ensino Médio"

Abstract

This thesis presents as a theme the discourses about the black, the Indian, the homosexual and the woman, having as reference the presupposition of critical discourse analysis that discourse exerts power on the society that makes some groups exert control over other groups. This control is easier to be obtained by those who have access to public discourse. The textbook is one of the means of access to the public discourse, through which the State can spread its ideologies. Based on these considerations, this study aims to analyze, in the Portuguese Language and Literature: High School (2006) textbook, writtten by some teachers from Public State Schools of Paraná, how the discourses about women, blacks, Indians and the homosexuals are constructed. The problem which guided this study was to understand if this textbook has discourses of prejudice against homosexuals, Indians, blacks and women. For this, the proposed analysis was based on the theoretical framework of the Critical Discourse Analysis, according to the studies by Van Dijk (1997, 2008, 2009), Fairclough (1997, 2008) and Wodak (2003). This research is interested in the comprehension in how this textbook appears in the educational context, especially in the Portuguese Language subject, according to the studies by Sapelli (2005), Soares (2001, 2004) and Grigoletto (1999). The comprehension of this historical context was relevant to (re)think the ideological values that are (re) constructed by the textbook, prioritizing determined social groups and excluding others, thus maintaine, some identity representations and denying others. The methodology used for this research was qualitative, based on the critical-interpretative method and it had the texts as the object of analysis. The analysis of the corpus consisted in analyzing the discourses used in a biased way referring to some social groups, considering the semantic macrostructures and semantic microstructures, the concepts of discourse, ideology, power, hegemony and context. It was found that this textbook does not present a prejudice discourse against homosexuals and Indians, but that the discourses about women and black people bring determined prejudices against these two social groups.