Trato com o conhecimento da atividade esportiva e atividade de estudo: possibilidades de desenvolvimento do ensino crítico-superador

Abstract

This thesis - which has been given the title “Engagement with the knowledge of sports activity and the theory of study activity: possibilities for developing critical-superior teaching in Physical Education” - focuses on the teaching of sports activity knowledge in Basic Education from the perspective of the critical-superior teaching in Physical Education. Conducted within the Graduate Program of the Faculty of Education at the Federal University of Bahia, the thesis falls under the research matrix of the Research and Study Group on Physical Education & Sports and Recreation. The research method is historical-dialectical materialism, and the research technique is theoretical-conceptual - based on a bibliographical review of primary sources on critical-superior teaching, historical-critical pedagogy, and historical-cultural psychology. Our research problem is articulated through the scientific question: What are the possibilities for the development of the category of engagement with knowledge of sports activity (selection, organization, and systematization) in school Physical Education, from the theoretical-methodological proposition of critical-superior teaching and the theory of study activity, in terms of developing consciousness, theoretical-conceptual thinking, and personality formation? The general objective of the research was to theoretically develop the category of engagement with knowledge of sports activity (selection, organization, and systematization) in Physical Education teaching in Basic Education, taking into account the foundations of critical-superior teaching, historical-critical didactics, and historical-cultural psychology, making an initial approach with the theory of study activity. The specific objectives were: 1) To trace the structure of the category of engagement with knowledge in critical-superior teaching - considering its genesis, development, and current stage - in order to establish the foundations of engagement with knowledge of sports activity in light of theoretical advancements in historical-critical didactics and the theory of study activity; and 2) To articulate the central elements of the theory of study activity with the engagement with knowledge of sports activity in Physical Education in Basic Education. The confirmed hypothesis is that the study activity category, as by Davidov-Elkonin-Repkin et al., contributes to the theoretical development of critical-superior teaching of sports activity, guiding the logical and methodological selection, organization, and systematization of this knowledge. This enables us to design study tasks and actions that foster the appropriation of substantive theoretical generalizations and the social significations of sports activity - competitive, agonistic, and recreational; without neglecting the aesthetic-artistic dimension. The appropriation of these substantive generalizations enables students to understand global social practices, and develop consciousness and personality.