A quem pertence a Amazônia? A soberania brasileira na era da cooperação

Abstract

This study aims to investigate whether Brazilian sovereignty has been (or could be) mitigated as a consequence of environmental issues, especially after the paralyzation of the Amazon Fund's activities in 2019. For that, the process of construction and deconstruction of the concept of sovereignty was analyzed, with an emphasis on its environmental dimension, as well as the formation of the Amazon Cooperation System and the main programs for environmental preservation and regional development, emphasizing the Amazon Fund. The methodology adopted in this project was the review of specialized bibliography, combined with documental, legislative and data analysis. The study of sovereignty took place in five dimensions: classical, modern and contemporary conceptions; sovereignty over natural resources (environmental dimension); and sovereignty in the Brazilian legal system. The study of regional cooperation in the Amazon, in turn, was divided into historical background, applicable norms and achieved results. Therefore, the following were analyzed: resolutions, declarations, conventions and international agreements; the Federal Constitution of 1988, as well as other relevant instruments; and official publicly accessible data on the Amazon Fund, produced by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations (ECLAC/UN) and by the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), manager of the Fund.