A política de gestão democrática nas escolas públicas municipais da cidade de Juazeiro-Ba: da legislação à distribuição de poder (2009-2019)

Abstract

This dissertation aims to investigate the policy of democratic management in municipal public schools in the city of Juazeiro-BA. The general objective of this research is to understand how the policy of democratic school management is mediated, from legislation to the distribution of power, in public schools Juazeirenses and has specific objectives: a) to identify the presence and/or absence of the determining elements of democratic school management in legislation national and in the current legal frameworks of the Juazeiro Municipal Education Network, showing advances and gaps; b) to analyze the management models and the forms of organization and functioning of Organs collegiate bodies constituted in the schools; and c) characterize the mechanisms of participation and mediation in the exercise of power distribution in the school environment. The guiding question of this research is: from legislation to the distribution of power, as the determining elements of the policy of democratic school management, announced by Licínio Lima (2014), were mediated in municipal public schools in the city of Juazeiro, from 2009 to 2019? With a qualitative methodological approach, having as empirical field two municipal public schools, in different territorial contexts, the study chose documentary research as a methodological procedure. The theoretical-methodological contributions of Critical Theory based on the reflections of Giroux (1986) and Kincheloe and McLaren (2006) guided the document analysis that adopted mediation as a category of methodological analysis of the real, based on the studies by Cury (2000). The analysis of the theoretical and empirical categories election, participation in decision-making and collegiality carried out in the documentary Corpus pointed out: the establishment of the strong conceptual association between democratic school management and election, participation in decision-making and collegiality, and these were considered as determining and conditioning elements of school management democratic; the research identified the presence of these three elements in the Public Teaching Statute of Juazeiro, thus becoming the most significant current legislation in the democratic school management policy of the Juazeiro Municipal Education Network. However, it was evident that the laws of democratic school management policy elaborated later disregarded the guidance of the Statute of the Magisterium and reproduced the same models of the principles of New Public Management present in Bahia and national legislation with the choice of school leaders associated with "criteria merit and performance technicians”. The law of democratic school management in Juazeirense, in this decade of implementation, guaranteed the power of choice of school leaders in the 134 school units to school communities, but it is silent with regard to the participation and decision-making power of these communities in the practice of school management. The survey indicated that school councils are present in 93% of schools, although far from the expectations of representativeness, decentralization and school autonomy. The Political-Pedagogical Project is a reality in all schools in the Municipal Education Network of Juazeiro, with 85% of teaching participation in its elaboration. The observation is that these institutional mechanisms appear to be more formal than effective collaboration and may indicate that the way in which the power to decide is distributed within the school is still unequal.