Disciplinas humanísticas na formação do engenheiro: fatores de resistência dos estudantes e estratégia educacional para a sua motivação

Abstract

This work aims to encourage teachers and students who participate in the process of engineering education, to reflect on the importance of engaging the disciplines that are offered for dealing with humanistic themes related to the challenges of the citizen in contemporary society, such as social inequality and others who have also been enhanced by technological development and globalization, as the weakening of the relationship face to face, increased consumerism, the reconfiguration of the towns, insecurity and fear in daily life, health hazards, etc.. When we begin to participate in the meetings of the discipline EXA 829 - Topics in Humanistic Education (EXA 829 - TFH), offered for students of Computer Engineering (ECOMP), Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), let us realize that there is something particular in humans: the will, because these disciplines are resisted by some of them. We thus understand the perspective of psychoanalysis which is the process of resistance, what factors impact so negatively on their attendance and participation and their learning potential. To assist us in the research, we rely on the methodology of Action Research, a social research based on empirical evidence is designed and carried out in close association with an action or resolving a collective problem. For the collection of information used participant observation, literature, documents and questionnaires. By the method of contrastive analysis, contrasting what was observed during the meetings with students, as well as what was read from the reflective journals written by them, with what was found in the works of authors who think about issues co - related. We found that this resistance is old and complex. One of the reasons most cited resistance by the students is related to the way Western thought has been organized throughout the history of mankind, which reflected the way the curriculum have been articulated, and the tradition itself tells you how engineers are prepared to life in society: by training strongly based on technical and scientific knowledge, in other words, there was an overvaluation of technical and scientific knowledge. We also note that other factors inherent in the educational process, in which case the ecomp is directly related to the PBL method used by the community (eg high cognitive load, and tutor's lack of difficulty of the problems), some political factors such as strike and social inequality, and other social, cultural, biological and psychological factors also influence the motivation of students. Pondering the will, we change the way we work, to motivate them to learn and reflect on the issues presented and attend and participate in the meetings. In this sense, we have compiled the steps of the PBL cycle, the spiral of Nonaka and Takeuchi, issues, movies, music, concept maps, ontologies and software in an educational strategy which we call Problem Based Learning Knowledge Building (PBL-KB) and interpreted as the perspective of complexity. After follow-up of 5 classes, three of discipline EXA 829 - TFH and two EXA 890 - Ethics in Computer Science, offered in order to broaden the discussion of humanities themes in the community, observed that the features selected and the strategy adopted contributed to: (re) development and learning of humanities subjects, development of systems thinking-local-critical and reflective; enhancement of communication capacity, strengthening the principle of pleasure: thoughts on ethics, integration of technical-humanistic, empowerment and capacity to work collectively, in addition to motivate students to attend and participate in the course. Once students are motivated for the course, we perceive these learning spaces turn into local production of knowledge and concern for the transformation of local reality. We've found that one has to take care of the technical and scientific training, however, that human subjectivity is complex in itself and needs to undergo more extensive training.