Resumen:
This study addresses the phenomenon of fake news, assessing the global context and the counter-strategies adopted by the countries that stand out the most in confronting disinformation. These are Finland, France, Germany, Singapore, and the United States. It was observed that the most effective responses are associated with the combination of normative regulation, media literacy, interinstitutional coordination, civil society participation, and the use of technologies such as artificial intelligence. In Brazil, although there are relevant efforts, the fight against fake news is still marked by isolated actions and low strategic coordination. The analysis of legislative bills and parliamentary speeches, with the aid of topic modeling (LDA), revealed significant gaps, such as the absence of permanent campaigns, educational guidelines, and integration among public agencies. The Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) indicated that Brazil meets only a small number of the conditions present in the most effective cases and suggested the prioritization of seven measures: national awareness campaigns, creation of a specific state agency to address the issue, active regulation of digital platforms, interministerial integration, inclusion of vulnerable groups, implementation of a monitoring system with rapid response, and structured media literacy policies. These findings reinforce the urgency of continuous, articulated public policies that are responsive to technological dynamics and capable of strengthening the country's institutional capacity in confronting fake news.
