Resumo:
This study aims to analyze the role of emotional bonds in the construction of the individual and social identity of children aged 0 to 3 years, considering the relationships established in the family environment and in early childhood education schools. The central problem of the research seeks to understand how the interactions and construction of emotional bonds between family members, educators, babies and young children influence the construction and development of children's identity. In our bibliographic search, we found numerous articles related to bonds and affection from the perspective of Developmental Psychology, but fewer are those that relate this important human dimension to Pedagogy or the Sociology of Childhood, for example. The study was conducted through a systematic literature review, analyzing academic productions published between 2010 and 2024. The choice of this period is justified by the framework of the National Curricular Guidelines for Early Childhood Education (DCNEI/Brazil, 2009), a normative document, of a mandatory nature, fundamental for advances in the curricular field of Early Childhood Education and in guaranteeing the rights of children aged 0 to 6 years. The theoretical foundation was based on authors such as Wallon (1995; 2010), Falk (2021; 2022), Soares (2020), Appell and David (2021), among others, who discuss the relevance of affective bonds in early childhood. The results of the research highlight that the construction of children's identity is closely related to the affective interactions established in the first years of life, and it is essential that educators and family members recognize the importance of affection as a central element in the child's development. Furthermore, there is a clear need for further studies relating the topic to family contexts, as well as ensuring continued training for educators working in Early Childhood Education, in addition to strengthening public policies, with an emphasis on the integration between care and education, highlighting the importance of building emotional bonds between the family and the school.
