Trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil: da imposição de antigas estruturas à PEC das domésticas

Abstract

This thesis aims to analyze the characteristics and regulation of paid domestic work in Brazil, based on labor market indicators, historical and institutional factors, and the perceptions of union representation in Bahia, focusing on the years 2001 to 2021. This initial focus acknowledges the importance of the period prior to the enactment of Constitutional Amendment nº 72/2013, known as the Domestic Workers PEC, and, in subsequent phases, after the constitutional approval of Complementary Law nº 150/2015, aims to capture the changes in the dimensions of the work of this group. Associated with these delimitations, the research has the specific objectives of analyzing the changes in the regulation of paid domestic work in Brazil, comparing indicators of domestic work, outlining a panorama of the recent decade and the results related to the occupational category, including during the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, resulting from the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Brazil, and the observations of the representative of the domestic workers' Union in the state of Bahia, Milca Martins. Among the findings of the investigation, it is observed that, among monthly and daily workers, the former had labor protection through registration in the work card, while the latter tend to be underrepresented in this condition. Another point of interest focuses on the income resulting from paid activity. With the establishment of the framework that regulates the rights and duties of the group, it was possible to perceive that daily workers receive slightly higher incomes than monthly workers. However, these earnings can be observed, with some reservations, since this group tends to bear the individual costs of social security contributions and must allocate their time to other households to supplement their monthly income. The regulation foreseen by the Domestic Workers' Constitutional Amendment has proven to be dualistic, both in the exclusion of younger workers and in the increased representation of adult and elderly workers. Based on the perceptions of the union representative, Milca Martins, there is a need for recognition and respect for the activity by society as a whole.