O acesso de jovens negros do IFBA aos cursos de alto prestígio da UFBA: raça, políticas afirmativas e trajetórias escolares.

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the trajectory of graduates, supported by the student assistance policy of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia (IFBA in its Portuguese acronym), who entered through the quota policy in courses considered to be of high prestige at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA - Portuguese acronym). The study is based on the hypothesis that the access of IFBA graduates to high prestige courses at UFBA was possible due to the combination of the student assistance policy, which guaranteed conditions for permanence and completion of Integrated High School (EMI - Portuguese acronym), and the quota policy, which expanded opportunities for entry into higher education. The dissertation was structured in a multipaper format, consisting of three papers, constructed from a qualitative approach. Each text produced, although independent, is articulated around the same investigative axis. The first paper analyzes theses and dissertations that address the fates of EMI graduates, showing that, although there is low insertion in the job market, the educational experience contributed to expansion of the subjects’ life projects, most of whom chose to continue their studies, accessing higher education. The second paper discusses the quota policy for admission to federal higher education institutions, based on the analysis of educational statistics for the period 2019 to 2024, revealing that black students began to make up most enrollments in public institutions, mainly in education undergraduate courses, while in the most prestigious courses, a gradual process of racial diversification was observed, although the Medicine course is still a space more resistant to expanding diversity. The third paper analyzes the trajectory of those who entered IFBA in 2016, were served by student assistance, and later accessed UFBA. The analysis was conducted using a database built from information provided by the student assistance department of IFBA, Salvador campus, and by the Academic Administration Superintendence (SUPAC – Portuguese acronym) of UFBA. Findings indicate that most of those who entered UFBA attended elementary school in private schools and did not have a history of failing high school. Most used the quota system, and in the most prestigious courses, admission was almost entirely through this policy, especially with racial and income criteria. Articulation between the findings allowed us to unveil the complexity involved in access to higher education in Brazil, especially regarding to highly prestigious courses and the role played by affirmative action policies in the context of inequalities.