O modelo educacional grego Enkyklia Paideia nos períodos Clássico e Helenístico e os sujeitos historicamente excluídos

Abstract

This research is a historical study, using documentary sources and bibliographical analysis. Our research object is the Enkyklia educational cycle during the Classical and Hellenistic periods. We aim to identify its characteristics and changes and how it contributed to the Greek social structure, identifying the subjects participating in it and understanding the processes of inclusion/exclusion of this educational model in relation to the historically excluded subjects. We used a bibliographical analysis, especially of the works of Aranha (1996), Jaeger (1994), Luzuriaga (1959), Monroe (1978) and Cambi (1999). We will also turn to historical sources, such as Aristotle's “Politics”, Dionysius' “Grammar”, Isocrates' “Against the Sophists”, “Dialogues”, “Gorgias”, “Hippias Major”, “Hippias Minor” and “Meno” by Plato, Xenophon's “Economics”, among others. In addition to analyzing the material culture present in funerary stelae and Attic vases, we will start with the theoretical-methodological analysis process from the historical materialist approach. We have identified that although most women did not have access to formal education, their participation in rituals and cultural activities was significant. This shows that, even in a patriarchal society, women found ways to get involved and influence social life. Furthermore, the Greek social stratum, which reveals its own social exclusions and characteristics, such as the Greek slavery model or the social position of the poorest in society, has a strong connection with the Enkyklia educational model.