Eficácia das medidas protetivas de urgência e das ações da Polícia Judiciária e da justiça criminal, na opinião da vítima de violência doméstica, contra a mulher, na Comarca de Araci-BA, entre 2019 e 2022

Abstract

The fight against domestic violence against women is a public, social and complex problem within Public Security, requiring studies and research for the prevention and judicial control of this social problem, due to the growth of infractions in the country. Violence against women originates from the unequal construction of the place of women and men in the most diverse societies. Thus, gender inequality is the basis of all forms of violence and deprivation against women. The publication of the Maria da Penha Law in Brazil (law 11.340/06), named after the violence suffered by the victim Maria da Penha Maia Fernandes, tried to minimize the problem of impunity for domestic violence against women. This Law created mechanisms to prevent and curb domestic and family violence against women in accordance with the Federal Constitution. However, what has been seen is a growing number of occurrences of aggression and crime against women, which is a serious violation of human rights; it is not by chance that the expression “human rights of victims” was created in opposition to the system taught in law schools, which have always prioritized the human rights of perpetrators of the crime, in a true inversion of values, often alienating the student body, this all reflects on the education system of graduates and postgraduates, generating an inverted analysis of who is the real victim of the crime. Realizing this and in view of the recurrent numbers of domestic violence, it was decided to carry out a study giving priority to the human rights of the victims, with a view to providing a more effective service to this public. As a result, interviews were carried out with victims of domestic violence so that they could inform us about the causes of the violence to which they are victims, the socioeconomic situation of those involved, their level of education and what perception they have of the actions of the Civil Police and the Criminal Justice to face the problem, especially the Urgent Protective Measures – MPUs. Given the relevance of this initiative, the present work verified the effectiveness of these actions, in the view of the victims, with emphasis on the MPUs and their effectiveness, and the work begins by conceptualizing the institutes related to domestic violence against women, exploring concepts in victimology and legislation on the subject, as well as analyzes the role of the police in facing the problem. In the end, the statistics of the questionnaires answered by the victims were brought, throughout the research of 460 processes in the District of Araci-BA, in the period from 2019 to 2022. In the last topics of the work, suggestions are made for solutions to reduce domestic violence and family against women, as well as a chapter dedicated to the effectiveness of the judicial police and the judiciary regarding the proposed theme. In this path, the improvement and commitment of the actors involved allowed to observe the increase in the level of satisfaction of the victims in the service, until then, offered, capable of directly influencing the effective reduction of the rates of violence against women in the aforementioned District. In conclusion, it appears that despite the mishaps of the research, it is inferred that, if it is not possible to eliminate domestic and family violence against women, at least a satisfactory state response has been achieved, at least, in the opinion of the victim