A contingência na psicanálise lacaniana: consequências teóricas e clínicas

Abstract

In the 1970s, Lacan departed from the Freudian concept of the unconscious, viewing it as interpretable through the production of meaning, and asserted that the unconscious is real. Unlike Freud, Lacanian psychoanalysis is grounded in the ambiguity of language and contingency. Lacan lauds equivocation as the primary tool against psychic symptoms to distance psychoanalytic operations from the production of meaning. The real unconscious has profound implications in psychoanalytic practice, as symptoms are considered events of the body rather than metaphors requiring symbolization. To engage with the real unconscious, one must consider contingency, as there can be no possible writing. The paper explores concepts of Lacanian psychoanalysis such as equivocal interpretation, symptoms as events of the body, trauma, speech, and the real unconscious, analyzing the main characteristics of Lacan's later teachings to underscore the importance and role of contingency. The paper also examines sophistry and Parmenidean ontology, analyzing terms such as epideixis and kairos—features of Gorgias' discourse. Epideixis refers to speech as a performance that transforms and produces realities, while kairos is the opportune time, a good occasion, an event, and an opening of possibilities. The paper also delves into sexuation formulas, as Lacan positions contingency on the side of the non-phallic not-all, later affirming that the analyst should be non-all. To better understand the logic of the non-phallic not-all and the path Lacan took to construct it, the paper explores logical modalities and Aristotelian syllogisms, outlining the details that allow Lacan to create a new logic to address the impossible sexual relationship and the real unconscious. The concept of repetition is analyzed in its relationship with tychê and the automaton through a clinical case. This case is useful for demonstrating how contingency is important for equivocal interpretation and psychoanalytic treatment. In conclusion, contingency plays a crucial role in psychoanalytic theory and practice, influencing the structure of the subject, trauma, and the end of analysis.