Vivência de mulheres com gestação molar

Abstract

Considered a complication of pregnancy and classified as a hemorrhagic syndrome of the first half of pregnancy, hydatidiform mole or molar pregnancy is a problem with a low rate in Brazil and in the world. When diagnosed with such a pathology, women may suffer from the impacts that this disease is capable of causing to their health, especially in the psychological sphere. This study aims to understand the experience of women with molar pregnancy. This is a descriptive research project, with a qualitative approach, linked to a matrix project entitled “Obstetric syndromes with hemorrhagic potential and their implications for women's health”. This project is linked to the Study Group on Women's Health in Pregnancy and Childbirth at the School of Nursing at the Federal University of Bahia. The work was carried out at the reference clinic for hydatidiform mole of a teaching maternity hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The collaborators were 16 women with a history of hydatidiform mole. Data were obtained through individual interviews with the help of a semi-structured form. The speeches were recorded using a digital recorder and transcribed in full. The organization and analysis of data took place through content analysis guided by Bardin. The research meets the ethical requirements that regulate the development of research involving human beings and is approved by the research ethics committee under opinion number 3,426,869. Eight categories emerged from the study: Discovery of pregnancy and molar pregnancy; Lack of knowledge about molar pregnancy; Obstacles to service; Search for knowledge about molar pregnancy; Feelings related to the diagnosis of molar pregnancy; Construction of a support network and the subcategories: Support from family, friends and religion and Support from health professionals; Perceptions about the treatment; Perceptions about self after molar pregnancy. The research allowed knowing the experience of women diagnosed with hydatidiform mole. Therefore, the participants pointed out the discovery of molar pregnancy as a moment that generates intense expectations and frustration, as a result of the interruption of pregnancy. Women were unaware of molar pregnancy, which contributed to the emergence of questions about the development of the fetus. Furthermore, the women experienced obstacles in the care provided at the health services, which were related to scheduling appointments for monitoring molar pregnancy; difficulties in scheduling the curettage, in displacement and delay in the adjustment service. We highlight the importance of qualitative scientific research that explores the emotional and psychological barriers that women can present with a molar pregnancy, in order to offer changes in institutional care considering this health condition based on biological, psychological and social factors.