Denominações para partes do corpo humano na Bahia a partir dos dados do APFB e do Projeto ALiB

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the linguistic diversity in the state of Bahia, Brazil, during two different decades, the 60s and the 2000s, as it aims to add knowledge to geolinguistic diachronic studies. In order to do so, it investigates the designations provided by the informants of the first published Brazilian state atlas (Atlas Prévio dos Falares Baianos, APFB) (ROSSI, 1963) and the largest active Brazilian project in the area of Dialectology (the project Atlas Linguístico do Brasil, ALiB Project) for three words used to describe parts of the human body in Brazilian Portuguese: nuca (nape), clavícula (collarbone) and tornozelo (ankle). Therefore, it is guided by the theories and methodologies of Dialectology and Geolinguistics. It displays the data obtained in the 22 locations that are part of the ALiB Project's network of points in Bahia through the application of questions 104. Nuca, 106. Clavícula and 118. Tornozelo, which are included in the Project's Semantic-Lexical Questionnaire. Likewise, it presents the lexical variation present in the 50 localities of the APFB (ROSSI, 1963) in Bahia, based on the analysis of Linguistic Maps 56, 57 and 63 of the atlas. For APFB (ROSSI, 1963), the answers were provided between the years 1960 and 1961, whereas for the ALiB Project, they were recorded between 2003 and 2010. The data is exposed via graphs, tables, figures and maps. Lexia found in the nine survey points in common among the corpora are compared through cartographic representation. It also presents the results of research carried out in the Aulete Digital dictionaries (AULETE; VALENTE, 2006), the Portuguese Language Dictionary (SILVA, Antonio, 1789) and the Illustrated Dictionary of Health (SILVA; SILVA; VIANA, 2007), taking the linguistic forms shown in the corpora into account. The research indicates that Aulete Digital is the dictionary that registers the largest number of lexia among those studied. The results of the analysis show the diatopic variation, in view of the large number of lexical items identified, as well as a differentiation between the APFB data (ROSSI, 1963) and the ALiB Project. There are forms that appear only in the APFB (ROSSI, 1963), such as “cabelouro” and “toutiço” for “nuca” (nape); “sangrador” for “clavícula” (collarbone) and “rejeito” for “tornozelo” (ankle). It is observed that the prestige forms of the words “nuca”, “clavicula” and “tornozelo” are more prominent when considering the data from the ALiB Project, despite being present in the APFB linguistic maps as well (ROSSI, 1963). The speakers’ creativity is highlighted by the use of metaphor and metonymy in the naming of parts of the body, especially when using designations reserved for the anatomy of animals to name parts of the human body.