Análise de aspectos ambientais utilizados para autorização de supressão de vegetação na Caatinga e proposições de recomendações técnicas

Abstract

The Caatinga is the characteristic vegetation of the Northeastern semi-arid, adapted to the double seasonality of this region, and is extremely heterogeneous. However, environmental degradation, mainly due to deforestation, has generated a great loss of biodiversity and a drastic change in the landscape. For the removal of vegetation, a Native Vegetation Suppression Authorization (ASV) is required. However, for the reasoning of this, no legal device was identified to guide its successional / ecological classification, limit the holdings, and still establish conservation based on its environmental specificities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify if the criteria of the ASV technical opinions accepted by the environmental agency of Bahia are: 1) successive stage (s) of the biome; 2) application of the Atlantic Forest Law; 3) Priority Areas for Conservation (PROBIO); and 4) Areas susceptible to desertification (ASD), for the proposal of technical recommendations. For this, of the 646 processes identified with the SEIA system, between the year 2012 and May 6, 2018, a sample composed of 161 opinions was analyzed. The results revealed that: criterion 1 was scored in 65 opinions; 2 in 119 opinions; 3 in 50; and 4 in only 1 opinion. Associating the citation of these criteria, through Fisher's Exact test, a greater attempt was made to cite the successional stage (1) in places that are in priority areas for conservation (3). And through the Chi-square text, to cite the successional stage (1) in places that are in areas of dominion of the Atlantic Forest (2). Even in the face of these findings, these criteria were not considered relevant for the establishment of a conditioner aiming at environmental mitigation and / or compensation. Thus, the need to create a legal mechanism for the Caatinga biome is indicated, and technical recommendations based on two axes are proposed: 1) revision of the forms of technical opinions, from the insertion of new information; and 2) establishment of conditions aiming at environmental gain, to remedy the damages caused by the suppression.