artistas em abstinência da Lei Rouanet:o clima social sobre o finaciamento público da cultura na Folha de SãoPaulo e no Twitter

Abstract

The National Program to Support Culture (PRONAC), the object of this investigation, is the leading public instrument for promoting culture in Brazil. Among the three financing modalities created by Law nº 8.313/1991, known as the Rouanet Law, the tax incentive is the most referenced and debated. Although the cultural sector has discussed it since the mid-1990s, its popularization in society increased with the implementation of a Parliamentary Commission of Inquiry between 2016 and 2017, which investigated the application of resources from PRONAC. The growth of right-wing groups also contributed to the consequent dissemination of their agendas in public debate. Such groups, united by an anti-PT (anti-Workers' Party) sentiment and with different degrees of moral conservatism and economic liberalism, began to claim participation in the dispute over the legislation, especially on social media. They forged (at the same time as they were forged by) a climate of high dissatisfaction with the financing model for cultural activities. The reflection on this subjetct assumes the concept of mood as a relevant analytical category, which has been applied to cultural and communication studies to explore the affective environmental conditions that allow a subject to act in a specific social situation. The study focused on two sets of documents that mention the Rouanet Law: the journalistic texts published in Folha de São Paulo between 1991 and 2021 and the posts and the network formed by the social actors participating in the discussions throughout 2021 in the social network Twitter. This dataset proved to be relevant as it gathered positions from 1. a widely circulated and active newspaper that contributed to a diagnosis of the temporal formationof the public opinion on the subject, in addition to 2. the points of view of activists against the Rouanet Law, in a social media of great political relevance, in a year of prominence for the debate. The examination of this corpus adopted some assumptions from Laurence Bardin's Content Analysis, Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse analysis, and the Analysis of Social Networks in Raquel Recuero´s perspective. The research shows that, although Folha's positions have been multifaceted over the years, as of 2016, the newspaper's stance is a clear and insistent defense that the Law needs adjustments and adaptations but is essential for the Brazilians' cultural policies and all artists. Among the most popular messages and profiles on Twitter, when the subject is Rouanet, the tone is one of radicalism and resentment. There is an insistence on thematizing alleged corrupt relations, especially between artists and Workers' Party governments, linked to the base of Jair Bolsonaro's administration as the leading formulators.