Processos de Inscrição e os conflitos em torno de representações técnicas: o EIA/RIMA da ponte Salvador-Itaparica

Abstract

The project of the Crossing System Salvador — Ilha de Itaparica over the Baía de Todos os Santos, promoted venture of the Bahia State Planning Department — SEPLAN from the State Government, predict, among the road equipment to be installed, the construction of a bridge of approximately twelve kilometers connecting the capital of Bahia to the Island of Itaparica. This venture, which has been the subject of debates among the populations of Salvador and the Recôncavo Baiano region for years, and is part of the development policies of the last administrations of the state government, had administrative and governmental developments in the last decade that culminated in the licensing process and, later, the granting of a prior license for the project. The venture has also been object of complaints and contrary manifestations by mobilized communities and researchers in face of the way in which the project and, mainly, the Environmental Impact Study (EIA) were prepared. Focusing on the EIA, produced by the V&S Ambiental/NEMUS consortium and published in 2015, and produced for the prior licensing of the venture, the present dissertation aims to analyze this document in its texture and in the textual and discursive constructions present in its content. Understanding this document as an instrument and technology that participates in institutional rites such as environmental licensing and public hearings, the EIA is also examined in its articulations within the conflict involving the implementation of this venture and the rhetoric of development that is linked to. In this ethnographic work with documents, in addition to the impact study, audience minutes, economic development plans, newspaper news and participation in debate events about the enterprise were part of the material analyzed. The fabric of the EIA document, articulated to the contexts and dynamics of the disputes around the bridge, is analyzed in order to understand the discursive crossings and textual performances in the construction of “diagnoses”, classifications and representations. Such constructions instrumentalize the management of spaces and subjects, inscribing territories and social collectivities in other regimes of existence, and participate in the social and institutional imaginary linked to imported modernity and the idea of development.