Das redes às urnas: o discurso político eleitoral na ordem da rede social_8

Abstract

In modern democratic societies, forms of political production have been profoundly interfered with advances in digital technologies and media. In this context, the new ways of configuration of political discourse engendered, above all, in social networks, have become a vast field of investigation based on this relationship. Consequently we propose in this paper to analyze how the contemporary political-electoral discourse works on the Facebook social network, based on the postulates of Discourse Analysis of French affiliation, derived from the works of Michel Pêcheux, associated with the contributions of Historical Semiology, conception proposed by Jean-Jacques Courtine, which aims to articulate verbal and nonverbal materiality in the historical constitution of the senses, based on the notion of Foucaultian utterance. Therefore, the corpus mobilized for this research consists of posts made by the four candidates for the municipal election of Salvador-BA / 2016 election - ACM Neto (DEM), Alice Portugal (PCdoB), Pastor Sergeant Isidório (PDT) and Fábio Nogueira (PSOL). Profiles and official pages of these candidates were selected on the Facebook platform during the election campaign period (from August to October 2016), consisting of enunciative sequences that concern the regularities of the speech (materialities, issues). More specifically, we seek to understand how the discourse adapts to the conditions of production imposed by the virtual space, governed by the order of liquidity of discourses, language and multiplicity of languages. Thus, we understand that the notion of courtinian historical semiology, articulated within the Discourse Analysis research program, constitutes an important approach to take as a starting point the reflection on the relationship of the metamorphoses of contemporary political discourse and the issue of discursivity constituted by syncretic materiality emerging from social networks, in which body, voice, gestures, verb and a series of images (selfie, photography, live, videomontage) produce meanings, thus becoming evident the appeal for a semiological analysis of these speeches that go beyond purely verbal materiality. In the analysis, it was possible to observe that the electoral political campaigns, registered in the social networks, became diversified and amplified, as we notice the diverse devices and material resources in the most diverse productions of the political discourse, and their forms of interaction, visibility, spectacularization, that changed both the modes of production and circulation of discourse and the modes of self-presentation of the political subject. Another important aspect regarding the theme was the candidates' preference for the minority agenda, in which women, the black population and LGBT + groups stood out.