Conteúdo e método da educação física escolar: contribuições da pedagogia histórico-crítica e da metodologia crítico-superadora no trato com a ginástica

Abstract

The objective was to analyse the pedagogical work through the dealing with the knowledge of gymnastics in Physical Education classes, showing that the dialetical duo content and method modulates the elevation of the theoretical thinking of students when based on Historical-Critical Pedagogy and Critical-Overcoming Methodology. The investigation brought a theoretical discussion that passed: by the literature review that intended to understand the evolution, the conflicts, the contraditions and the characteristics of investigated phenomena, from problems regarding the pedagogical praxis dealing with gimnastics in corporal culture; by the balance of practical-theoretical productions on gimnastics of research groups from UNICAMP, UFBA and UPE; by a data bank of 120 hours of class about the dealing with gymnastics in Physical Education classes. Based on the historical and dialetical materialism, the thesis made the analysis by the ascension fom abstract to concrete method, from general to singular, from part to total, in constant move. Results explained that pedagogical theory is an essential reflection about the pedagogical work through categories and concepts articulators of the pedagogical practice in general and the subjects that cover specific contents, orienting the learning/teaching process, in a specific movement conditioned by the historical project; the social function of school promotes the domination of sistematized knowledge and the object of curriculum aims to ensure the theoretical capacity; the dialetical duo content and method is modulator as it dinamizes and concretizes the process of learning/teaching elevating the theoretical thinking of apprentices as it directs the dealing with the knowledge in its epistemological and ontological particularity; gymnastics is the exercising itself centered in the gymnastical action, being specific content and sign of school Physical Education. It was concluded that, without educational, pedagogical, knowledge theory there is no way to advance in theory of physical education; the pedagogical theory is built by categories of practice, containing modulating elements for the transformation of classes, having the dialetic duo content and method as an example, which modulated the elevation of thinking in all four classes of students investigated regarding the dealing with gymnastics. The investigation generated a proposition for the dealing with gymnastics producing a new synthesis that favors the Pedagogical Theory under construction in the field of Corporal Culture.