Mudanças climáticas e questão de gênero: uma análise dessa interface em cidades brasileiras no contexto dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável (2015-2024)

Abstract

This thesis aims to contribute to climate studies at the local level by analyzing the interconnection between gender equality agendas and climate change in Brazilian municipalities. It adopts an interdisciplinary approach within the field of international relations, while also engaging with law, public administration, and political science. The study is structured along two main lines: a theoretical one, which explores concepts such as international regimes, climate justice, and governance; and an empirical one, through a comparative analysis of five Brazilian capital cities: Belém, Palmas, Porto Alegre, Salvador, and São Paulo. These cities were selected due to their international engagement in climate-related matters: Belém as the host city of COP 30, and the others for their participation in COP (21 – 28) and their engagement in transnational networks. The analysis employed various climate governance instruments such as legislation, plans, forums, multi-year plans, and urban development master plans (PDDU). The findings led to the creation of a Gender Equity in Climate Governance Ranking, in which the five cities were classified based on the presence of governance mechanisms and their interaction with the gender agenda. Key findings reveal the absence of a standardized model of climate governance across Brazilian cities, which develop their own structures according to local capacities and contexts. It was verified that the articulation between climate governance and gender equity is still incipient and sporadic; the decision-making spaces related to climate at the subnational level remain predominantly technocratic and male-dominated. The research highlights the lack of systematic efforts to integrate gender and climate agendas, revealing how distant climate justice remains from the Brazilian municipal reality. Thus, the thesis contributes to advancing the debate on more inclusive urban climate policies that are sensitive to gender issues.