Segurança alimentar e nutricional de pescadores e marisqueiras artesanais do litoral da Bahia em um contexto de crise ambiental

Abstract

Introduction: Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) is the realization of a universal human right, which involves social, cultural, economic and environmental contexts. In Brazil, these dimensions suffer intersectional interference from race/color, gender and social class, in addition to the type of work, such a informal work, which can demarcate coexistence with Food and Nutritional Insecurity (IAN). In this scenario, fishermen and artisanal shellfish gatherers, traditional fishing people, live with socio-environmental injustices that threaten the SAN, such as the oil spill on the Brazilian coast in 2019, which caused transformations in the context of life and work of the affected communities. Objective: To discuss the impact of the oil spill on the SAN of fishermen and artisanal shellfish gatherers in the municipality of Conde-BA. Methodology: This is an analyticaldescriptive study, with a qualitative approach arising from the research project entitled: Assessment of the Impacts of the Crude Oil/Petroleum Spill on the Coast of Bahia: Health and Environmental Protection Actions. twelve individual interviews were analyzed, carried out in October 2021 with fishermen and artisanal shellfish gatherers from Conde-BA, based on approaches to the dialectical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer and other theorists of Social and Human Sciences in Health. ethical aspects, the present study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia approved under opinion number: 6,549,747. Results and Discussion: The research revealed that scenarios of food insecurity and hunger were intensified in the lives of fishermen and artisanal shellfish gatherers after the oil spill. Contamination of the living and working environment resulted in a decline in fishing and the sale of fish products, and, consequently, in family income. The workers needed to receive basic food baskets, government social benefits and even consume possibly contaminated fish. Final considerations: This study is a call for society to support, protect and fight with traditional fishing communities, who experience cyclical threats to life, health and rights that guarantee human dignity, such as the right to work, food, to a sustainable environment that allowed social reproduction and the permanence of fishing activity between generations. Therefore, it is expected that this study will contribute to the scientific community and the implementation of public policies aimed at monitoring the health, support and social protection of people affected by the oil spill.