Plantão psicológico: um retrato da produção científica brasileira e da prática nas universidades públicas federais do país

Abstract

ARTICLE I Introduction: The psychological ‘on duty’ is a type of psychological care that is characterized by the provision of specialized clinical listening, at the exact moment when the subject experiences a crisis. This readiness in welcoming dialogues with the needs of the contemporary subject who, immersed in a scenario of unavailability of time and affection, finds, on duty, a place of reference on which he can count on mental health care. Objective: To analyze the scientific production on psychological duty in the period from 2017 to 2021. Methodology: This is a descriptive-exploratory study with a quali-quanti approach about the publications on psychological duty indexed in the CAPES Journal Portal. Results: A total of 34 articles were found, of which 19, as they met the established eligibility criteria, were part of this study. Scientific production on psychological duty has been developed in the teaching services of university institutions, published in vehicles of expressive quality, with a greater concentration of studies in the southern region of Brazil and with a predominance of qualitative research and experience reports. Regarding the topic addressed, three core meanings were identified: the theoretical foundation of the on- duty from a specific approach, on-duty as clinical practice in professional training in psychology and characteristics of the subjects who demand the on-duty clinic. Conclusion: It was found that studies on the on-duty have followed different paths, including several theoretical and practical approaches, in different contexts, with emphasis on university school services, the place where this clinical modality is conceived and where a difference can be made in training of professionals who are ethically and politically committed to subjects in situations of anguish/psychic suffering, who have, on duty, open doors to be listened to, in order to understand their problems and attribute new meanings to their experiences.

ARTICLE II Psychological duty (on-call) is a type of clinical-psychological care that was born at the Psychology Institute of the University of São Paulo (IPUSP) in 1969. More than five decades after its emergence, this clinical care practice still maintains a close relationship with the universities, constituting a space for providing services and training professionals who are ethically and socially committed to individuals in situations of suffering, contributing to the discussion on public policies in mental health. The objective of this work is to characterize the practice of psychological duty in Brazilian federal public universities from 2015 to 2019. This is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative and quantitative approach carried out through the application of an online questionnaire to the coordinators of these services, using the SurveyMonkey® platform. The results show a significant increase in the implementation of this clinical care, mainly from 2010 onwards, made possible by the leading role of service coordinators in response to the increase in demand, especially from students, the most common being academic issues, family conflicts, anxiety crisis, feelings of sadness, interpersonal relationships and suicidal ideation. Prevalence of daily care, with a large participation of interns/extension specialists as on-call staff, use of psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral therapy, referral of more serious cases or those that require interventions in other specialties and links with student assistance. It is concluded that psychological support at universities is an important care device that, integrated with student assistance, strengthens actions and policies for student retention. However, this service cannot respond to all mental health issues that arise within university institutions, making it necessary to combine the care offered with the services that make up the Unified Health System (SUS), whether in direct coordination with the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) or through Primary Health Care (APS), as well as the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS).