Padrões alimentares e asma atópica e não atópica em adultos do ProAR: um estudo caso-controle.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with different phenotypes, such as atopic and non-atopic asthma, which have been extensively studied due to differences in their mechanisms. Its high global prevalence and socioeconomic impact are exacerbated by difficulties in controlling the disease, especially in developing countries, where barriers to access to healthcare contribute to high hospitalization and mortality rates. Evidence suggests that, in addition to genetic and environmental factors, dietary patterns with high consumption of ultra-processed foods may worsen asthma symptoms; however, the relationship between dietary patterns and asthma phenotypes in adults is still poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and atopic and non-atopic asthma in adults from the ProAR study. METHODOLOGY: This is a case-control study with adults treated at ProAR, residents of Salvador and Lauro de Freitas-BA, which included the application of a Food Frequency Questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics of the studied population was performed. Dietary patterns were identified through principal component factor analysis. RESULTS: This study identified a high frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods (99.3%) in the total population and identified seven dietary patterns, including the "Westernized/industrialized" pattern with the consumption of these foods in the atopic asthma group. CONCLUSION: This study identified a Westernized/industrialized dietary pattern in individuals with atopic asthma, highlighting the impact of ultra-processed foods on asthma. The findings reinforce the importance of dietary interventions and public policies for better disease control.