Análise metagenômica do biofilme subgengival em indivíduos com asma

Abstract

Oral dysbiosis, especially in periodontitis, has been linked to the pathophysiology of systemic diseases, including asthma. The anatomical connection between the oral cavity and the lungs provides many opportunities for the oral microbiota to impact the lung microbiota in health and disease. In addition to the possibility of passive transfer of bacteria, changes in the composition of the oral microbiota can lead to a deficient immune response and reduced tolerance to commensal microorganisms. The present observational study aimed to carry out a metagenomic investigation of the subgingival biofilm of individuals with severe asthma, mild asthma and without asthma, to evaluate the relationship between the subgingival microbiome and asthma. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from thirty individuals at the Asthma Control Program Outpatient Clinic in Bahia (ProAR). They were distributed into six groups, according to diagnosis for asthma and periodontitis. Total DNA extraction and metagenomic analysis were performed using next-generation sequencing based on the 16s-rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq). Data were analyzed descriptively, using the average of the samples of each group. For ecological analysis, alpha diversity was estimated using the Shannon index, and beta diversity using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and the Bray-Curtis distance method. This study provides the first insights into the composition of the subgingival microbiome in individuals diagnosed with periodontitis and different diagnoses of asthma. The presence/greater abundance of genera considered more pathogenic from the periodontal point of view, like Aggregatibacter, Treponema, Selenomonas e Campylobacter, can be seen in individuals with severe asthma and periodontitis. At the same time, there is a greater risk towards dysbiosis for individuals with asthma and without periodontitis, especially with severe asthma, who have higher levels of Porphyromonas. New studies are suggested based on the genera highlighted in this research.