Associação entre obesidade e inflamação periodontal em adultos

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and periodontal inflammation. To this end, two studies were conducted: a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess whether obesity interferes with the control of clinical periodontal parameters after periodontal treatment, and a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between obesity and periodontal inflammation in users of public health services. The systematic review included 14 articles submitted to methodological quality assessment using the ROBBINS-1 tool, which presented a low to moderate risk of bias. The findings of the qualitative assessment of the studies showed that there was an improvement in clinical periodontal inflammatory parameters in all investigations for obese and non-obese individuals after non-surgical periodontal treatment. The meta-analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences between obese and non-obese individuals for the percentages of probing depth and clinical attachment level between 4 and 6 mm after three months of periodontal therapy. For the crosssectional study, all the subjects underwent a periodontal examination, had anthropometric measurements taken and answered a questionnaire containing information on their socioeconomic status, health and lifestyle. Excess body weight was defined using the Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III) criteria. Periodontal inflammation was quantified using Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) values with a cut-off point of ≥191mm². The measure of association was obtained by Poisson regression analysis with robust variance, adjusted and controlled. The results indicated poor oral conditions among obese individuals and the association between obesity and periodontal inflammation was statistically significant for the obesity criterion according to NCEP-ATP-III (PR: 1.22; 95%CI: 1.04-1.41, p=0.01), after adjusting for gender, age, schooling and hypertension. The results of this investigation indicate the influence of obesity on the control of periodontal inflammation.