Método para integração de imagens coletadas por drone ao modelo BIM para apoio à gestão da manutenção de fachadas

Abstract

Poor maintenance of facades poses risks to building performance, as this system serves as a protective interface with the surrounding environment. Therefore, periodic preventive inspections and maintenance are necessary to prevent or correct pathological manifestations at early stages. The lack of maintenance in Brazilian public buildings is highly sensitive, reinforcing the need for solutions that add efficiency to building management systems, which are characterized mainly by low levels of digitalization. This study aims to propose guidelines for integrating visual assets collected by drones in façade inspections with Building Information Modeling (BIM) to support maintenance management in buildings with low digital maturity. The research approach adopted is Design Science Research (DSR), following these steps: 1) Problem awareness – drone inspection and interviews with managers of a public university building to understand the current maintenance management structure, and a systematic literature review to identify scientific gaps and deepen theoretical foundations; 2) Artifact suggestion – inspection of façades of ten institutional buildings and interviews with professionals from the institution’s maintenance sector to identify existing anomalies and perceptions of the current scenario of the maintenance department, as well as identification of requirements and limitations of the photogrammetry process and analysis of anomalies; 3) Artifact development – practical application of the method in one institutional building to define protocols for handling visual assets and integrating anomaly information into the building’s BIM model; 4) Artifact evaluation – through the constructs “perceived ease of use,” “utility,” “impact potential,” and “transparency”; and 5) Conclusion – analyzing the alignment of the artifact with the established context to formalize the method. The main outputs were five protocols aimed at: 1) drone image acquisition for maintenance purposes; 2) photogrammetric processing; 3) analysis of informational requirements of the BIM model; 4) integration of orthomosaics into the façade models; and 5) data integration and availability of inspection records. The results evidenced the potential of the method for the institutional context, validated by maintenance department professionals, and indicated clarity in executing the steps and in making the results available, characterizing it as transparent and capable of centralizing building information. The main limitations include dependence on operational skills, which influence product quality, and the restriction of the method to visual analyses due to the exclusive use of drones for data collection. Overall, the findings indicate that the method constitutes a practical and replicable solution for integrating visual assets into BIM, contributing to overcoming limitations reported in the literature and supporting improvements in building maintenance management.