Bem viver em Kirimurê: processos identitários de desterritorialização e de retomada entre pessoas indígenas em Salvador/BA

Abstract

In this master’s thesis we present as objective of the analysis the understanding of the relationship between the Good Living in Kirimurê and the policy of monoculture, from the discourse built by indigenous people in Salvador/BA. Initially, we aimed to understand how this relationship affects the "mental health" of indigenous people in the city. However, after literature review, we realized that it is not possible to make an universal application from the concept of "mental health" to indigenous ways of seeing and being in the world. To fill the gaps historically and intentionally produced by knowledge, we resort to interdisciplinarity and present contributions to the transdisciplinary studies involving indigenous populations. Supported by the theoretical methodological approach of Constructionist Social Psychology, as well as in the perspectives of decolonization of scientific methodologies proposed by Maori Linda Tuhiwai Smith, we adopted workshops such as ethical-political tools and as theoretical-methodological strategies. Based on indissociability between teaching, research and extension, we have the extensionist action "'Bem Viver in Kirimurê': mental health of indigenous people in the urban context of Salvador/BA" approved in the Call for Support to Extension in Graduate Studies 2022, by PROEXT of UFBA, as a method. For the structuring of the field, we performed the "Call to Bem Viver in Kirimurê" in order to identify the interested participants and adopt the snowball technique as an invitation strategy. We included as interlocutors of this dissertation: self-declared indigenous peoples, recognized or not by traditional communities, over 18 years of age, residents in Salvador/BA. From the ethnic groups represented by the 12 participants, are 08 indigenous peoples: Pankará, Pataxó, Payayá, Tingui -Botó, Tumbalalá, Tupinambá, Tremembé and Tuxá. The participants were classified regarding their different conditions: indigenous (villages) who migrated to the city (AC); born in rural territory not delimited as indigenous, who migrated to the city (TRC); and born in city (NC). The ethical aspects of this research were based on the guidelines of the Resolutions nº 304/2000, nº 466/2012, nº 510/2016, nº 304/2000 and the Circular Office nº 02/2021, regarding the special thematic studies with indigenous populations and the hybrid character of the activities developed, occurred both in person in the Joventino Silva City Park, in Salvador, as in virtual environment on the platform Google Meet. Distributed in 08 meetings, being virtual (06) and face-to-face (02), we conducted 03 named thematic workshops as 1) "Identities, Indigenous Traditional Knowledge and Practices at the City"; 2) "Indigenous Suffering in the Village and in the City" and 3) "Cultivating Good Living, Unravel the Imaginaries and Reforest the Cities with Indigenous Seeds". The analysis procedure of the contexts to hold the workshops involves pre-production, followed by sequential and integral transcription, until systematization and dissemination of the information produced. Seeking to subsidize the methodological interpretative rigor, the thematic categorical analysis guided the redefinition of the research analysis’ objectives, containing 03 themes and 08 categories. The first theme characterizes the "identity processes of indigenous people", based on 03 categories coded as "Family" (FAMI); "Territory" (TRTR); and "Spirituality" (ESPT). "Processes of deterritorialization of indigenous people" is the second theme of analysis, subdivided in “Migration” (MGRÇ); “Racism” (RCSM); e “City” (CIDD), oriented to the indigenous presence in the city. Finally, the third theme called "Processes of Indigenous Resurgence" simultaneously describes the categories "Resumption of the Intersubjective Territory" (RTMS) and "Resumption of the Geographic Territory" (RTMS).Within this thesis, we highlight the cultural and uprooting memories among indigenous people, residents in Salvador/BA, pointing to the resumption of identities and traditional territories as an strategy of indigenous resistance in confronting the policies of monoculture, through the preservation and continuity of Good Living as a way of promotion to integral health.