Insegurança alimentar e nutricional no Brasil : análise de fatores determinantes em domicílios urbanos e rurais em 2023

Abstract

The general objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence of food and nutritional insecurity (FNI) in the Brazilian population, differentiating its incidence between urban and rural environments. To this end, a multinomial logit model was used with data from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua) of 2023. It was identified that factors such as education of the head of the household, and per capita income positively influence the population's food condition, while single-parent households headed by women and with more children face higher levels of FNI. It was also observed that white skin color is associated with a lower probability of FNI, reflecting ethnic disparities in Brazilian society. By separating the estimates and controlling for household status and characteristics of the reference person, FNI in rural areas, especially in its most severe form, is, on average, milder compared to that occurring in urban areas. Given the above, the need for multifaceted public policies that integrate food production and distribution with actions to stimulate schooling, productive inclusion, protection of children and mitigation of regional disparities is highlighted, promoting a more comprehensive approach to food and nutritional security in Brazil.