Efeitos de intervenções físicas e/ou cognitivas em pessoas adultas com síndrome de Down: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Down Syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition resulting from the presence of a third chromosome in pair 21. Currently, the life expectancy of individuals with DS has increased significantly, ranging from 40 to 60 years. From this perspective, premature aging is present in this population with significant characteristics and associated declines. Objective: To analyze interventions associated with cognitive and physical functions performed with adults with DS, and their possible relationships with premature aging. Methodology: This study is an integrative review conducted between April and May 2025 with searches in the following databases: PubMed, Bireme, SciELO and Portal Periódicos Capes. Results: A total of 186 articles were identified, and after applying the inclusion criteria, 9 articles were selected to compose this review. These studies included between 12 and 83 adults and elderly people with DS, aged between 24 and 62 years, who underwent cognitive and/or physical interventions lasting between 5 hours and 12 weeks. The publication years range from 2004 to 2024, with the majority of studies published in 2019. Of these, 5 articles presented the term "premature aging" during the breakdown of their research. Conclusion: The potential of interventions in minimizing the impacts of premature aging and maintaining functionality in this population is evident. Finally, the emphasis on limitations in activities of daily living(ADL) and restricted participation, mentioned in the articles associated with premature aging, makes the need for Occupational Therapy intervention clear.