Vigilância como valor moral no jornalismo brasileiro

Abstract

The thesis investigates the current network of professional journalistic values in Brazil, seeking to understand the role of surveillance in this ethical framework. From the perception of the press' monitoring and tracking practices over the other power spheres as well as the new social interaction dynamics in online platforms, we analyze these actions' conversion into a core moral value for Brazilian journalism nowadays. In a theoretical level, we established a flow supported in three large basic foundations to this phenomenon: firstly, a wide approach on the moral philosophy frameworks to the journalistic activity; second, we reflect on the conditions of surveillance and power currently; the third discussion focuses in the circulation and hybridization dynamics observation as a space of disputes for the moral values. We realized a case study to assess the insertion of surveillance as a professional moral value in journalism, bringing the ethical analysis of one 2016-2020 representative journalistic coverage at the end of each chapter. The first production series analyzed is part of the "Xadrez do golpe" from Luis Nassif's blog, adding up to 104 posts. The second journalistic coverage is the #VazaJato scandal, with 98 posts at the beginning of 2020, started by The Intercept Brazil. The last analyzed frame is divided into two moments, with the first based on the Globo's critiques to interviews of senator Flavio Bolsonaro to Record and RedeTV. The second part is the questioning regarding the disappearance of the same senator's last name in media, made by social media users a few months later. The research methodology was built from methods that combined exploratory and data gathering stages with its latest codifications with the help of Atlas.ti software. After identifying codes associated with journalistic moral values in each one of the posts, we elaborated a network with moral ideals from which we could understand the most recurrent values, as well as its articulations and meanings. From that, we applied an analysis tool adapted from a Stephen Ward (2015) reflection so we can understand which ethical narratives are in question, and how they are articulated with surveillance. The results show the importance of noticing main aspects of the collective development of journalistic principles and deontological values nowadays, considering disputes that take place that professionals, vehicles, institutions, and the audience take, purposing new approaches to journalism in social media platforms. This way, we noticed that surveillance is at the core in the current journalistic activity valuing network, not only as of the most frequently mentioned normative value, but also as the most required moral guide to justify instrumental values in journalism, such as transparency and independence, for instance.