A mais-valia ideológica na manutenção da dependência latino-americana

Abstract

When Ruy Mauro Marini developed the idea of dependence in Latin America, he related it to a situation in which one peripheral economy is conditioned to the development and expansion of another, in a dialectic and subordination situation. The manifestations of this subordination are present in the social, political and ideological aspects of a given society. The dependency theory is a way of analyzing the development process of Latin America considering its specificities. It is a theory proper to the Latin American reality, not considering that there are steps to follow until achieving the level of development of the central countries. This study focuses on the analysis of the ideological manifestations of this subordination, using Ludovico Silva's concept of ideological surplus value. The ideological surplus value deals with the empowerment of the human conscience to preserve the capitalist system. Ludovico Silva was a Venezuelan thinker, recognized as a great connoisseur of Marx's works, even writing a book about his literary style. In creating the concept of ideological surplus-value, he established a dialectical relationship between Marxian ideology, as false consciousness, and communication. While Marx found in the material field surplus value, Ludovico found an added value in the spiritual field, creating a Marxist concept adapted to Latin American reality. Thus, considering that Latin American countries were inserted in the dynamics of the world capitalist system in a subordinate and dependent manner, this study aims to contribute to the debate about the dependency situation of these countries, adding the concept of ideological surplus value as an element that corroborates for the maintenance of this condition. Considering that the internal ideological structure supports the maintenance of dependence in the Latin American countries, because, as Cardoso and Faletto (2010) defended, internal class relations are not unrelated to dependence. Thus, it is these relations that incorporate a physiognomy of dependence. If the ruling class does not have a national development project, but is linked to the external, the dependency situation will not be broken. And as long as the working class does not achieve a revolutionary consciousness, as long as it continues to be ideologically manipulated by capital - which, though internal, is closely linked to the external - there will be no change in the super-exploitation scenario. It is noteworthy that, according to Marx and Engels, the dominant ideas in each epoch are the ideas of the ruling classes. In this way, empirical research will be carried out by analyzing the role of the media, especially television, as propagators of the ideology of the national hegemonic class and the central countries. The study will show political measures of the Latin American governments of the left - understanding that they should stand against neoliberalism - in controlling the propagation of ideological surplus value through the media, with a focus on television.