Análise de viabilidade econômica e financeira de projetos sustentáveis no setor energético: estudo de caso para implantação de biodigestores no semiárido baiano

Abstract

When making investments, the State faces the challenge of deciding how to apply them. For the energy sector in Bahia, the implementation of biodigesters in the semi-arid region represents a possibility for energy generation through the use of waste. Thus, this study discusses the analysis of local characteristics and the economic and financial viability for the implementation of biodigesters in the semi-arid region of Bahia. This methodology compared the results of converting goat manure into biogas and biofertilizer with conventional products (cooking gas, electricity, and fertilizers), as well as the viability for trading carbon credits. The cost-benefit ratio, net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period were used in various situations of product substitution and carbon credit trading. The results demonstrated viability in practically all average herd sizes studied (from 50 to 400 goats) when the biodigester management work is carried out by the community. However, when the labor cost is incorporated, the activity only becomes viable from 150 head onwards. For carbon credit trading, viability appears from 300 and 400 head onwards, for studied financing rates of 1% and 5%, respectively.