Análise das Conferências Nacionais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no contexto de formulação de políticas públicas

Abstract

The research, of the exploratory type, aims to analyze the contributions generated by the National Conferences on Food and Nutrition Security (NCFNS) for the elaboration of public policies, particularly in relation to programs of interest for the promotion of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS). This is a qualitative-quantitative research, whose qualitative part was developed through semi-structured interviews with seven members and former members of the National Food and Nutrition Security Council. Data analysis was based on thematic content analysis. For the quantitative part, documentary analysis was used, whose sources of information were the final reports and normative acts (convocations acts and regulations) of the five NCFNS held in Brazil in the period from 1994 to 2015. The research was divided into three phases: the first analyzed the data from the normative acts and reports, categorizing them into five groups: G1- Characterization of conferences; G2- Form of organization; G3- Rules for deliberation; G4- Inclusive potential; and G5- Outputs of the conference process. For the second, the recommendations for FNS public policies contemplated in the reports were analyzed. The third phase was carried out in two stages: the first consisted in the identification of recommendations directed to PNAE and the second consisted in the search for legislative projects that had thematic pertinence with the demands of the NCFNS to the mentioned Program in the 24 months after each event. Main results: most of the NCFNS aimed at proposing public policies, with the III NCFNS being the most propositional; a quota system was established as of the III NCFNS, expanding the participation of traditional peoples and communities; the NCFNS mobilized a large number of participants and municipalities; regarding the nature of the recommendations, 22% met the criterion of being propositional; all the classic dimensions of FNS, were object of recommendations in the whole of the NCFNS; food availability was the dimension with most recommendations, supported by the thematic categories of agrarian reform, strengthening family of agriculture and rural Credit Stimulus; in the last NCFNS the food consumption dimension stood out; a set of NCFNS recommendations for PNAE focused on transforming it into a public policy that contributes to guaranteeing the rights of school children; legislative bills were found relevant to 41.7% of the NCFNS recommendations for PNAE, indicating that there is convergence between the NCFNS and the Brazilian legislative agenda; two laws were approved during the studied period. The results reveal that although the NCFNS declare themselves as propositional, the analysis showed a low number of recommendations for public policies. However, it was possible to identify the contributions of the NCFNS for the FNS agenda in Brazil, as well as the main recommendations for the PNAE. From all the results, it can be concluded that the NCFNS that took place constituted a social and political space of relevance for FNS the country.