Transformações recentes do capitalismo: globalização, cadeias globais de valor e o exército global de reserva de trabalho

Abstract

The transformations of capitalism since the 1970s, driven by the advent of new information technologies and neoliberal globalization, have removed border limits, allowing a process of financialization of the global economy. This reorganized global value chains, favoring the financial sphere and the corporate core in central countries, while shifting production to peripheral countries, forming a global industrial reserve army. The transfer of the productive network to the Global South decoupled imperialist countries from direct production, allowing them to specialize in finance and advanced technologies. This shift in search of cheaper labor leveled wages at a reduced level, directly impacting labor relations worldwide, while promoting the concentration of wealth in the speculative financial sphere. Capitalist globalization, by intensifying specialization in sectors of comparative advantage, perpetuates global inequality and exacerbates social and economic conflicts, as its mode of operation does not absorb the entire available workforce. These changes allow the gradual inclusion of impoverished labor, which is subjected to worse working conditions, while directly impacting the average worker's income, feeding the centralization of wealth and economic polarization.