Inclusão de marcadores localizados no cromossomo x na estimação de parâmetros genéticos de características de crescimento na raça nelore

Abstract

Most studies involving genomic data in animal breeding use only the effects of autosomal chromosome markers, excluding the sex chromosomes. However, the X chromosome is the second largest chromosome in the bovine genome, and several economically important traits are sexually dimorphic, such as those related to growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there are predictive advantages for genetic parameters when including genomic markers from the X chromosome for yearling weight (YW) and postweaning gain (PWG) in Nellore cattle. Genetic parameter estimates were obtained under three scenarios: (1) only pedigree and phenotypic information; (2) pedigree, phenotypes, and autosomal chromosome markers; and (3) pedigree, phenotypes, autosomal chromosome markers, and X chromosome markers. Analyses were carried out using Bayesian inference with BLUPF90 family software. The heritability estimates obtained and their respective standard errors were 0.41 ± 0.004 for YW and 0.21 ± 0.004 for PWG. No differences were observed among the three scenarios tested for either trait. Therefore, the inclusion of the X chromosome did not influence the estimates of genetic parameters for these growth traits in Nellore cattle. Nevertheless, further molecular and genomic studies on the bovine X chromosome are still needed to explain the genetic effects and biological functions associated with this chromosome and with different traits of economic interest, as well as to justify whether or not to include the X chromosome in genomic prediction analyses.