Esboço para a Concepção de um sujeito ético a partir do paradigma da psicanálise

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the possibility of formulating a conception of the moral subject based on the psychoanalytic paradigm. To this end, it begins with a confrontation between the main modern philosophical theories of morality, notably the proposals of Descartes, Kant, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche, and the psychoanalytic models of subjectivation developed by Freud and Lacan. The research argues that the hypothesis of the unconscious, by dismantling the idea of an autonomous and self-transparent subject, imposes new limits and challenges to traditional ethics. At the same time, it seeks to identify whether, and to what extent, psychoanalysis offers viable alternatives for rethinking the moral subject. It concludes that, although psychoanalysis destabilizes the classical foundations of morality, it allows for the elaboration of a new understanding of the ethical subject, less centered on reason and more attentive to subjective division and to the place of desire in the ethical constitution of the subject.