Autogestão financiada na habitação, teoria e prática : o caso do Condomínio das Mangueiras, do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida Entidades, em Salvador, Bahia.

Abstract

Cities belong to a field of disputes and claims within a context of mobilization of agents such as researchers and social moviments. The conquests achieved by them, in the legal framework of the country, have the ideals of urban reform, therefore, social justice. In effect, however, little is observed about the effectiveness of these laws and the construction of cities is directed to the opposing interests for the common good. These interests understand the city as a commodity favoring the interests of real estate capital. Historically, the formal housing production in Brazil is linked to capitalist logic, which considers housing as an expensive commodity in the face of the real estate market. Faced with this phenomenon, personal finance management in housing is part of public policy and is one of the demands of social movements for housing. It is the feasibility of housing, understood by the housing unit, through the management of public financial funds oriented by future residents under the genuine possibility of collective construction. It is emphasized, with effect from 2009, the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV-E), in its modality "Entities", treated here as personal finance management. In this context, this research addresses the production of self-managed new units for residence that are financed by the State that presupposes building fairer and more democratic cities. The self-funded programs are directly linked to the relationships between agents (State, technical assistance and organizing entities) and, in case of the program in São Paulo, the FUNAPS-Comunitário, (FUNAPS-Community) (1989-1992), these relations worked as a "tripod of equality", considered an example in Brazil. However, the national personal management programs started up in the country have criticisms regarding the construction of public policies, mentioned by their contradictions in unequal relations among agents that are reflected in practice, in the viability of housing. Faced with this, this work aimed to fill a gap by analyzing the process that built Condomínio das Mangueiras in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, which was part of the PMCMV-E Program. Bibliographical Review and semi-structured interviews were carried out with agents who participated in different ways in the viability of the enterprise. It concludes that the existence of a public policy puts social movements for housing in various attributions, hampered by the lack of financial resources and lagged transfers in work, which makes the process slow. In addition, in the current modus operandi of self-management funded, such public policy reiterates the logic of permanence of low-income beneficiary families, who end up inserted in places farther away from the city's infrastructure. It highlights the struggle of social movements, but it is shows that the building of social housing must meet spatially urban, social and economic issues.