Mapeamento de práticas de terapeutas ocupacionais em gerontologia na cidade de Salvador

Abstract

Introduction: Occupational Therapy in Gerontology aims to promote autonomy, independence, and quality of life for the elderly, considering their functional capacities, social context, and the challenges of aging. The role of the Occupational Therapist involves strategies to maintain or recover participation in meaningful activities. Objective:To investigate the professional practices of Occupational Therapists working in Gerontology in Salvador, Bahia, with an emphasis on their sociodemographic and professional profiles, the theoretical frameworks that underpin their practices, and the main actions developed to ensure safety and functionality for the elderly. Method:An exploratory-descriptive study with a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach, conducted in a virtual environment, involving Occupational Therapists with active registration at the Regional Council of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy (CREFITO). Data collection took place in March 2025, through a form on the Google Forms platform. The study investigated: training/specialization in Gerontology, use of assessments, models and theoretical references, clinical practices, caregiver support strategies, analysis of the home environment, experiences with illiterate elderly individuals, and related challenges. The qualitative analysis methodology was Content Analysis, while the quantitative results were organized into frequency data. Results:The research identified the following categories of analysis: (a) Theoretical support and instruments, including the use of models of professional practice, functional assessment tools, and social participation measures; (b) Listening in care production; and (c) Evaluation and adaptations of the home environment. Challenges in caring for illiterate elderly individuals were also discussed. The profile of the responding Occupational Therapists revealed diversity in training and experience. The reported professional practices demonstrated that caring for the elderly involves listening, welcoming, and strategies aimed at safety and functionality, including within the home setting. Conclusion: The data highlight the importance of the Occupational Therapist's role in Gerontology in Salvador, focusing on promoting active aging and quality of life. It was observed that the participating professionals have solid ongoing education, adopt specific theoretical-methodological models, and client-centered approaches. The use of instruments such as COPM and the Barthel Index was emphasized. Qualified listening emerged as a light-care technology, essential for welcoming, supporting caregivers, and environmental adaptations. The practices also demonstrated sensitivity to the specific needs of illiterate elderly individuals. Keywords: Occupational Therapy