Vejo o futuro repetir o passado: a disseminação do “novo” discurso conservador no Brasil

Abstract

The current political and ideological scenario in Brazil is heavily crossed by a growing conservative discourse often attributed to the “new Brazilian right”. In this scenario, it is “common” for teachers, artists, union members, students, in turn, to be seen as enemies of a prosperous Brazil, of the homogeneous country, of the land occupied by “good citizens”. However, discourses of a conservative nature are materialized in official documents from the period of the military dictatorship in Brazil and, through interdiscursivity, they are present today, above all, in virtual spaces. When considering Brazilian history, strongly marked by the dictatorial regime, one sees that the resurgence of conservatism is a serious social problem that needs further investigation. Thus, the present study aimed to understand the meaning effects of the “new” conservative discourse in Brazil, since its dissemination promotes reactionary actions that constitute a risk to society, such as the naturalization of censorship gestures. For this, the Summaries of International Communism of the SNI (National Information Service) were analyzed, while Brazilian YouTubers in relative activity and self declared supporters of the conservative thinking of the new Brazilian right were selected. This parallel proved to be essential, as it indicated the ideological approximation found in both records, even with a 47-year time lag. In those Youtubers’ channels, we analyzed videos in which they talked about three episodes, namely: (1) suspension of the Santander exhibition; (2) prohibition of performance at MASP; (3) implementation of the non-party school. Thus, it was investigated, through the Discourse Analysis recommended by Michel Pêcheux and developed by Eni Orlandi, the opacity of the text, as well as its production conditions and ideological affiliations, in addition to exploring the scenes of enunciation, based on the contributions of Dominique Maingueneau and the discussions promoted by Ruth Amossy about the images of the self in the discourse. Thus, from the analysis presented, it could be reflected that Brazilian conservatism constituted a social problem that exposes in its proposals the lack of reasonableness, the denial of scientific evidence and, finally, the disrespect for social advances in the area of human rights, which, in a way, configures a framework in which different inequalities tend to remain. Finally, this study showed that, in Brazil, specifically in the pre-dictatorship of 1964 and the pre-election period of 2018, there are similarities between the discourses in the context of obscurantism and denial, either with expressions or actions that refer to progressivism, which were rejected and fought against in official documents and on social networks, respectively.