Registro geométrico e semântico do patrimônio arquitetônico com HBIM : estudo de método baseado na NBR ISO 19650 e ISO 7817 para definição do nível de informação necessária

Abstract

Building Information Modeling – BIM, widely used in contemporary buildings, can also be applied to architectural heritage. This application, known as Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM), still faces challenges related to semantic enrichment processes and establishing guidelines and metrics for developing models tailored to their specific purposes. In this context, this research aimed to study and systematize a geometric and semantic modeling method oriented towards HBIM, based on the Level of Information Need (LOIN) concept, as presented in the standards NBR ISO 19650 and ISO 7817. The study was developed through a theoretical foundation on HBIM, data acquisition methods, semantic enrichment processes, information management standards, and varying levels of development in BIM and HBIM. Using the Church of Ordem Primeira de Nossa Senhora do Carmo in Cachoeira, Bahia as the object of study, the experimental phase of the research involved the following procedures: aerial photogrammetric surveying, point cloud generation, and HBIM modeling of the church's main façade. Two information creation milestones were established to support the geometric and semantic modeling of the church’s façade: (1) information and pathology recording, and (2) geometric visualization. The proposed Levels of Information Need (LOIN) presented similar alphanumeric information and documentation parameters, with increased geometric detailing for the visualization milestone. The investigation explored two strategies for geometric and semantic modeling: the so-called traditional approach, which uses parametric BIM objects, and the detailed approach, based on textured triangular meshes generated by photogrammetry. In both cases, tools were employed for the bidirectional extraction, feeding, and updating of semantic information in parametric families. Thus, the research concludes that the choice of modeling methods should be guided by the specific objectives and milestones of the model, considering a balance between geometric accuracy, parametric functionality, and associated semantic information suitable for the situation. The methods developed contribute to the systematization of processes in HBIM, emphasizing the importance of LOIN in addressing the specific documentation and preservation demands of architectural heritage.