Influência do tratamento multiprofissional e a análise dos gastos públicos com internações hospitalares atribuíveis à obesidade no Distrito Federal.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neoplasms, and obesity account for 75% of the causes of death and illness in the world. Chronic non-communicable diseases are a major burden on health systems, society and the economies of families and countries. In 2016, the prevalence of obesity in the Federal District was 15%, while a target of 10% was set for 2022 in the Plan to Combat CNCDs. This study, in two articles, analyzed the influence of multi-professional treatment on anthropometric variations in patients at the Centro Especializado em Diabetes, Obesidade e Hipertensão - CEDOH (Specialized Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Hypertension) in the Federal District; and estimated federal spending on hospital admissions attributable to obesity in the context of the SUS, for the years 2018 and 2021. The first study, a retrospective cohort, analyzed data from the electronic medical records of 371 individuals of both sexes aged between 19 and 75 years. The economic analysis was carried out using a top-down estimate of the costs of hospitalizations in the SUS attributable to obesity and associated conditions, based on the relative risks of associated diseases and the prevalence of obesity in 2018 and 2021. Among the main findings was that dropout was 1.44 times higher among men and individuals ≤29 years old, of whom 72.2% abandoned follow-up. Higher age groups showed a greater accumulation of comorbidities associated with remaining in treatment. The practice of physical activity was positively related to staying in the groups, and among those who did not practice physical activity, 64.8% dropped out. In 2018, the prevalence of obesity in adults was 44% higher than predicted in the Plan to Combat CNCDs; in 2021, the prevalence was 2.11 times higher. In the second study, for the selected diseases, it was observed that in 2018 the costs would have been 25% lower, and in 2021, 44.7% of hospitalization costs could have been avoided if the prevalence of obesity had reached the target proposed in the Plan, which was 10.7%. Multi-professional treatment has achieved positive results, and adherence to the groups needs to be improved. Adequate planning and preventive actions for obesity and CNCD complications are essential if public health spending is not to become unsustainable.