Impacto da vacinação de rotina e campanhas de seguimento na cobertura vacinal e incidência do sarampo no Brasil, de 2010 a 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Measles is a viral exanthematous disease, potentially serious, highly contagious and vaccine-preventable using a safe and effective vaccine. Despite advances in controlling this disease around the world, the maintenance of endemic transmission of the virus raises concerns about its re-establishment in regions where the disease had already been considered eliminated, especially in situations where vaccination coverage is below ideal. Objective: To evaluate the impact of routine vaccination and follow-up campaigns against measles on vaccination coverage and measles incidence in Brazil from 2010 to 2019. Methodology: Quantitative descriptive study based on vaccination coverage of the triple viral vaccine, applied in routine services health and follow-up campaigns, and incidence of measles in Brazil, from 2010 to 2019. Vaccination coverage was analyzed, according to State and region, and homogeneity according to region. The relationship between vaccination coverage and the incidence of measles and the impact of vaccination on increasing vaccination coverage and decreasing incidence were analyzed. Results: 32,032 cases of measles were confirmed in Brazil (incidence of 1.58/100.00 inhabitants), of which the years 2018 and 2019 accounted for 30,655 (95.7%) of the cases for the entire period studied. São Paulo with 18,065 cases (56.40%) and Amazonas with 8,795 (27.46%) record the highest number of cases. The region had the highest coefficient of 5.52/100,000 inhabitants, followed by the southeast region (2.20/100,000 inhabitants). The age group of children under 1 year of age had the highest incidence, 20.16/100,000 inhabitants, followed by children aged 1 to 4 years, 3.60/100,000 inhabitants. Low and heterogeneous vaccination coverage was observed for most of the period, with a sharp drop from 2016 onwards. For D2, the target was not achieved in any year of the period. In 2014, the goal of the monitoring campaign was not achieved, and there was an increase in the number of measles cases. Conclusion: There was a reduction in vaccination coverage, a susceptible population, mainly between 15 and 29 years of age, a record of measles cases in all age groups and an increase in incidence. Low homogeneity demonstrated vaccination weaknesses and influenced measles behavior. Knowing the factors that affect the achievement of vaccination coverage, and identifying risk groups, measuring results and evaluating the impact are extremely important for reorienting and prioritizing vaccination strategies.