Hermanos de raza: partidos negros na América do Sul (1930-1944) São Paulo e Montevidéu

Abstract

This dissertation focuses on the black parties created in the 1930s in South America, more specifically the Frente Negra Brasileira, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and the Partido Autóctono Negro, in Montevideo, Uruguay. We seek to understand how the post-abolition period marked a time of search for new spaces and rights for the black population in both cities, assuming a perspective of transnationality and comparison between the objects. São Paulo and Montevideo, the largest cities in each country, became places of racial tension as the impact of whitening combined with the dispute caused by the new forms of work proposed by industrialization. From this, the emergence of numerous associations of a racial nature was perceived. The main question proposed by this research is to analyze the actions, possibilities and limits of the parties as political associations, but mainly as spaces of black associationism that allowed the construction of a positive black identity and proposed new perspectives and discourses on the black race as a national shaper in their respective nation-states. We approach both parties based on the methodology of Comparative History, analyzing internal, external and connected issues, when possible. The experience of the black race is the great transnational connection point that will be observed in this dissertation. The documentary sources for this research are mainly from the official and associated periodicals of the parties, namely A Voz da Raça (official organ of the Frente Negra Brasileira) and Nuestra Raza (periodical of the main group associated with the Partido Autócono Negro).