Intervenções de Enfermagem para pessoas adultas e idosas em Cuidados Paliativos com dor crônica: Scoping Review

Abstract

Identify nursing interventions in managing chronic pain in adults and elderly people receiving palliative care. This is a Scoping Review study in accordance with the recommendations proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, including studies in English, Portuguese, French and Spanish, without a pre-established time frame, with adults and elderly people undergoing PC in 05 databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and National Gray Literature Collection. In the initial search, 1530 studies were found and, after removing duplicate studies, 1147 remained. Subsequently, after reading the title and abstract, 117 were excluded, leaving 30 for complete reading. In the end, 15 studies made up the corpus of qualitative analysis. The interventions found were categorized according to the factors of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms: physiological, psychological and situational. Regarding physiological factors, thirty-nine nursing interventions were found and, among them, the most predominant ones relate to: “Administering pain medication”, “Monitoring respiratory status”, “Stimulating alternating periods of rest and activity”, “Monitor vital signs” and “Guide therapeutic touch”. In terms of psychological factors, thirty-seven interventions were identified, with a predominance of the following: “Guidance on performing massage”, “Active listening”, “Establishing trust”, “Providing guidance on reality”. Regarding situational factors, twenty-eight nursing interventions were observed, with the most cited ones presented below: “Maintaining dignity and privacy”, “Guiding on music therapy”, “Ensuring continuity of care” and “Creating an environment safe for the patient and remove environmental problems.” The study findings include interventions in the nurse's daily life, enabling a broader view and reinforcing the importance of these interventions in pain relief, with these IE being pharmacological and non-pharmacological in nature. It is up to the nurse to use this diversity of EI associated with critical reasoning that encompasses all physical, psychological and situational dimensions that involve the patient being cared for, evaluating not only their illness.