Sarcopenia em indivíduos com neoplasias hematológicas: revisão narrativa

Abstract

Hematological neoplasms constitute a category of cancer that originate from hematopoietic cells, manifesting themselves in different ways and offering different treatments that can contribute to sarcopenia through different mechanisms. This work aims to review the literature on sarcopenia in individuals with hematological malignancies and, secondarily, identify the theoretical approach on the role of nutritional therapy in the treatment of sarcopenia. A search was carried out in the electronic database MEDLINE (via PubMed), with no restrictions regarding language or year of publication. The advanced search was used to include the descriptors: sarcopenia, nutritional status, hematological neoplasia, and sarcopenia treatment, with their respective synonyms translated into English. 14 studies were found, of which after reading the titles and abstracts, eight articles were selected for full reading. Of these articles, seven were included, five of which were original articles and two were systematic reviews with meta-analysis. All original studies were retrospective cohorts published after 2012. The objectives of the studies were broad but related to the prevalence of sarcopenia and outcomes related to clinical prognosis and quality of life. Only one article addressed the role of nutritional therapy, in which calorie deficit was associated with negative nitrogen balance and the development of sarcopenia. Given the above, more multicenter, prospective studies and larger samples are needed to allow the development of consensus on sarcopenia in hematological malignancies, as well as guidance on nutritional treatment for this population.