"Quem alimenta o Brasil, exige respeito!" : resistências a partir do campesinato e da produção de alimentos frente ao controle e movimentações do capital no campo na Região Nordeste

Abstract

The present thesis was built in motion, having as its central link the dialogue of knowledge based on concrete actions and monitoring of the work carried out in the territories in actions to combat hunger articulated by the Movimento de Pequenos Agricultores (MPA). This Thesis departs from the central objective - in light of the agrarian and agricultural context found in the Northeast Region, especially - of relating the importance of peasant-based food production and popular supply in times of overcoming hunger and crises in Brazil. Starting from these elements and the crises experienced (sanitary, economic, political, social and food), from the year 2016, we intend to systematize and reflect the resistance of food production in peasant territories from the experiences and practices accumulated by the Movement of Small Farmers (MPA). Knowing that producing food is a political act of resistance against the advance of the industrial food system, we start from the study by reflecting on the correlations of strength and the disputes experienced between the local and the global, the general and the particular, when we refer to the current food crisis. In this process, the MPA plays a tactical role, since, as a reflection and action, it affirms that food sovereignty and popular supply are strategic axes for confronting the inequality of hunger and the autonomy of countries in the face of the permanent reproduction of inequalities aligned by the way of capitalist production. From this statement, from the years 2016 to 2022, from the established crises, collective and organized reactions were consolidated that became territorial experiences that have generated learning and, mainly, territorial food supply, like the Mutirão contra a Fome. With these elements, in this Thesis, in order to dimension the political and symbolic importance of these experiences and the peasant resistance, it will be necessary to locate the contradictions of the agrarian and agricultural context found and current disputes of agribusiness in the current conjuncture and, thus, we will direct our gaze to some dimensions of Matopiba and its disputes within the northeastern countryside with the advance of corporations, to show the size of the advance of capital and the consequences in the imposition of an agricultural pattern that is centered on commodities. Finally, in the pursuit of deepening the outlined objective, we will start from the peasant praxis of production and solidarity of the MPA to articulate the political, economic, social, institutional and productive challenges to face hunger from the strength of Brazilian agrarian capital and the necessary debate on the construction of a National Food Supply Plan that produces food sovereignty and respects the culture of peoples. In this study, we seek to go through, as a method, the historical dialectical materialism that will allow the clarification and not the obfuscation of the phenomenon and essence relationship, without losing sight of the totality of the social being. As methodological procedures, data collection was carried out from the 2017 Agricultural Census, Municipal Agricultural Production (PAM) and Sidra from IBGE, Rede Penssam and Geografar/UFBA, in addition to testimonials carried out via interviews and basic training carried out from the training spaces from the MPA.