Morfologia urbana e a geração de energia solar fotovoltaica em Salvador

Abstract

The global population growth presents significant challenges for urban planning, especially concerning the provision of energy sources capable of mitigating the impacts of climate change. Among the renewable energy alternatives, photovoltaic solar energy stands out as a viable option for urban centers. This research is based on the premise that urban morphology plays a crucial role in the potential of photovoltaic solar energy generation from buildings. The objective is to investigate this relationship through numerical models, considering the regulations of the Urban Development Master Plan (PPDU - 2016) and the Law on Planning, Use, and Occupation of the Soil (LOUOS - 2016). The study, grounded in Design Science Research, encompasses experimentation and theoretical studies on photovoltaic technology, photovoltaic systems in buildings, and numerical models related to energy. The literature review covers topics such as urban design, parameters of urban form, and the availability of solar radiation. The experimentation uses generic models of urban segments, created in different scenarios in Rhinoceros with the assistance of the ClimateStudio plug-in. Simulations, initially with the isolated building and later inserted into the block, emphasize the importance of urban context in the analyses. Variations in coefficients of utilization, occupancy index, and building height are considered, as well as uniform, non-uniform, and random distributions in block lots. The impact of constructive densification on solar generation is evident, with lower buildings being less influential in block positioning. A specific scenario, based on the parameters of Municipal Central Zone 2 (ZCMu), includes different building typologies. In the experiment, where taller buildings are in the center of the block and at three extremities, the average and maximum values of average irradiation are closer. Another scenario, inspired by the Occupation Pattern of Salvador, reveals that a balance between constructive density and building height optimizes solar radiation capture. The last scenario, based on a section of Pituba, highlights those changes in urban form, respecting current parameters, would result in negative impacts on the average irradiation for all buildings in the block. In conclusion, the research emphasizes the influence of the surroundings, utilization coefficient, building height, and spatial arrangement in the block. These findings indicate the need for more stringent urban regulations to favor the utilization of photovoltaic solar energy generation.