Estratégias de enfrentamento do estresse adotado por enfermeiras lideres

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the stress coping experienced by nurses-leaders in the work environment, as well as to identify stress situations experienced by the nurse-leaders and to know the coping strategies of stress. The theoretical framework of Christophe Dejours was adopted. It is a quantitative-qualitative study, based on the case study method, developed in a private hospital located in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Data collection was performed between August and December of 2018. The first step, quantitative, was performed using a structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic and professional data, followed by the application of the Inventory of Stress in Nurses. Twenty-three nurses from this institution participated in this phase. The results showed experience of stressful situations in the work environment with global score variations ranging from 55 to 134, mean stress of 93.65 ± 20.33. Participants did not present high levels of stress. The stressful situations that prevailed as the greatest source of tension and stress in the work environment were: having a short term to fulfill orders (43.8%), performing different tasks simultaneously (39.1%) and working with unprepared people (39.1% %). It is possible to attribute to the profile of the work environment, by triggering feelings of tension and suffering in the midst of non-compliance with demands, collections and institutional requirements. As a minor source of stress were identified: lack of material needed to work (95.6%), work in inadequate physical facilities (91.3%) and patient care (91.3). Such situations may not be evidenced as sources of stress due to reality not belonging to the working conditions of the participants. In the qualitative step, the data were collected through Narrative Interview. Of the 23 leading leaders, 21 accepted to participate in the interviews. The analysis of the data was based on Bauer and Gaskell (2002) and assistance of the qualitative software Nvivo 11. Two categories were identified: Stressors experienced in the work environment and Strategies to cope with stress in the work environment. Based on the results, the following stressful situations stand out: work overload, interpersonal relationships, collections in the work environment and remanagement of employees, which related the stress to the experience of situations in the professional daily life and converged with the quantitative results of the research. There is evidence of emotional overload due to activities and feelings of not being able to resolve demands in a timely manner, as well as adversities inherent in interpersonal relationships and conflict management among the staff, in addition to sleep disorders, binge eating, forgetfulness episodes and anxiety. The second category emphasizes the use of both individual and collective defensive strategies, with the prevalence of individual strategies for coping with stress in the work environment. The search for self-control, resolubility, horizontal communication between the team and spirituality were strategies most used, with coping focused on emotion and problem solving, to minimize or control the sources of occupational stress. There is a need for more research on stress in the chosen population, showing a lack of the theme in this population mainly referring to local studies. In view of the relevance, occupational stress deserves attention for the outcomes to which the prolonged approach can trigger the health of the worker.