Interação pai-mãe-filho: praticas de enfermeiras em UTI neonatal

Abstract

Pregnancy and the birth of the baby are unique and transformative moments for the mother, father and family. Especially transformative when the premature birth happens with the arrival of the premature baby, which, when needing intensive care in the Neonatal ICU to survive, impacts the idealization of the real baby, emotions and routine of the parents/family. And it requires training, empathy and communication skills from nurses on a daily basis in the exercise of care practice, in welcoming and supporting parents to overcome their difficulties, empowerment and participation in child care. In order to meet the physical and socio-emotional needs of the baby and parents by providing interaction and bonding development. This study aims to apprehend how the nurses of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) provide interaction for the formation of the father-mother-child bond. This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, carried out with 11 nurses from the NICU in Salvador-Ba. Anchored in John Bowlby's Attachment Theory, referring to his care actions developed in this unit for the formation of the father-mother-child bond, understanding its repercussion on the healthy psychic infant development of the baby. Data collection took place in the face-to-face format, from March to April 2022, still in the pandemic context, with respect to sanitary measures to protect and contain the spread of the disease. Through semi-structured audiograde interviews and non-participatory direct observation of nurses' care practice in the research locus. Assistant nurses who had worked in the unit for more than one year were included. And excluding those who were on leave/vacation. Using the following questions: 1. How do you define bond?; 2. What actions did you take at the NICU to promote interaction to form a father-mother-child bond? and 3. In your opinion, which nursing care and management actions are aimed at promoting interaction to form a bond between the trinomial in this unit? In the analysis of the contents, the help of the NVivo 12 software was used, organizing and coding the data, in order to optimize the researcher's interpretation and research construct. As a result, the word cloud allowed identifying the actors and correlating the actions that involve the formation of the affective bond was identified. With the following categories of analysis: 1. The nurse's bond in the NICU, 2. The individual actions of the nurse in the promotion of the interaction and formation of the bond in the NICU, 3. The actions of the team in the promotion of the interaction and formation of the bond in the NICU and 4. The managerial actions in the promotion of the interaction and formation of the bond in the NICU. It is concluded that nurses the NICU nurses understand the bond as a lasting relationship that involves the interaction between two people to develop, and they recognize themselves as mediators in this process between parents and children. In this sense, neonatal nursing is expected to develop individualized care practices aimed at the early promotion of social interaction between father-mother-child, with a view to strengthening the affective bond weakened by hospitalization, as a guarantee of clinical recovery, health development baby mentality and family consolidation of the family.