Recomendações nutricionais para suínos inteiros e imunocastrados

Abstract

Four experiments were carried out to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and feed digestibility coefficients between two genetic lines and different nutritional recommendations. In experiment I, 128 whole male (WM), DB-DanBred and PIC-Agroceres male pigs with initial average body weight (IABW) of 14.02 ± 1.96 kg were submitted to Diet - (A) (NRC, 2012). ) and Diet - (B) Rostagno et al., (2017). The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial arrangement (2X2), two genetic lines and two nutritional recommendations. Zootechnical parameters and plasma urea (PU) were evaluated. Diet B promoted higher final average body weight (FABW), average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion (FC), feed efficiency (FE) (P <0.0001) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) ( P = 0.0016). In experiment II, 24 WM from the DB and PIC genetics, with 20.00 ± 1.41 kg IABW, submitted to metabolism test, to diets A and B were used to determine digestibility coefficients, digestible nutrients, and PU. There was interaction between diet and genetics for the dry matter digestibility coefficient (DMDC) (P = 0.0217). For the digestibility coefficients of organic matter (DCOM) (P = 0.0086), crude protein (DCCP) (P = 0.0463) and crude energy (DCCE) (P = 0.0024) diet B was better. For digestible nutrients of dry matter (DNDM) there was interaction (P = 0.0188), while for crude protein (DNCP) (P <0.0001) and crude energy (DNCE) (P = 0.0462) diet B It was more nutritious. Diet B promoted better performance, although there was interaction between diet and genetics, digestibility of diet B suggests better nutrient availability. The economic efficiency index (EEI) was better for treatments with diet B. Considering performance and EEI, diet B was better, although there was interaction. In experiment III, 120 WM piglets submitted to immunocastration from genetics DB and PIC with IABW of 31.58 ± 5.25 kg were used. The nutritional recommendations were diet A and Rostagno et al. (2011) diet (C). Four phases were defined: growth I and II (GI and GII) and termination I and II (TI and TII). Performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and PU were evaluated. Treatments submitted to diet C presented higher FABW (P <0.0001), ADWG and ADFI in all phases, better FC and FE in phases GI and TII. PU was lower with diet A, in phases GI, IIC and TI. Cold carcass weight (CCW), lean meat kg (LM) (P <0.0001), drip loss (DL) (P = 0.0010) and cooking loss (CL) (P = 0.0338 ) were better in diet C. In experiment IV, 24 pigs WM, DB and PIC with IABW of 27.46 ± 2.91 kg were used in a metabolism test, submitted to diets A and C. The results showed that there were no differences for DMDC, DCOM, DNDM, and DNOM. The DCCP (P = 0.0002) was higher for treatments with diet C, following the same response to DNCP (P = 0.0001). The DCCE (P = 0.0486) and DNCE (P = 0.0487) differed only among the genetic ones, with DB being the most efficient in energy use. Diet C promoted better overall performance, carcass and meat characteristics, besides higher availability and digestibility of CP.